- palindrome
- Words, numbers and phrases that can be read the same backwords as forwards. Some examples include: "mom", "racecar", "34543", or the phrase "never odd or even".
- paradox
- A statement that appears to contradict itself, for example, suggesting a solution which is actually impossible.
- parallel
- Lines that are in the same
plane that do not intersect.
- parallelogram
- A quadrilateral
that contains two pairs of parallel sides.
- pattern
- Characteristic(s) observed in one item that may be repeated in similar or identical manners in other items.
- percent
- A ratio that compares a
number to one hundred. The symbol for percent is %.
- perimeter
- The sum of the lengths of
all the sides of a polygon.
- permutation
- A a particular ordering
of a set of objects. For example, given the set {1, 2, 3}, there are six
permutations: {1, 2, 3}, {1, 3, 2}, {2, 1, 3}, {2, 3, 1}, {3, 1, 2}, and
{3, 2, 1}.
- personal view
- An approach taken
by mathematicians and philosophers to calculate probability.
Using their knowledge and reasoning skills, they think through the problem.
See theories of probability.
- Pi
- The designated name for the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.
- pie graph
- A diagram showing a system of connections or interrelations between two or more things
by using a circle divided into segments that look like pieces of pie.
- polygon
- A closed plane figure formed
by three or more line segments that do not cross over each other.
- polyhedra
- Any solid figure with an outer surface composed
of polygon faces.
- prime number
- A number that has exactly
two factors, 1 and the number itself.
- prisoners
- values for c in the Julia Set or Mandelbrot set where at each iteration
the resulting value becomes smaller and smaller, approaching zero.
- probability
- The measure of how likely it is for an event to occur. The probability of an event is
always a number between zero and 100%. The meaning
(interpretation) of probability is the subject of theories of probability. However,
any rule for assigning probabilities to events has to satisfy the axioms of probability.
- proportion
- A relationship between two ratios in which the first ratio is always equal to the second.
- protractor
- An instrument for laying down and measuring angles on paper, used in drawing and
plotting.
- Pythagorean Theorem
- Used to find side lengths of right triangles, the Pythagorean Theorem states that the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the squares of the two sides, or A2 + B2 = C2, where C is the hypotenuse.
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